Process Path
Worker ID / Name
Default Rating %
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00:00.0
Cycle
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Cycle Time
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Units (this cycle)
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Live Cycles
#Cycle TimeElapsed UnitsU/Min RF %Norm TStd T
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Settings
Time Study Defaults
Allowance Factor (%)
Applied globally to all Standard Time calculations
ST = Normal Time × (1 + Allowance%)
Normal Time = Observed Time × (RF / 100)
Common Allowance References
Light assembly: 10–12%
Warehouse pick: 12–15%
Heavy lifting: 15–20%
High repetition: 13–16%
Data Management
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Explanations and worked examples for every metric in this app.
The raw stopwatch time for one complete work cycle — exactly what you measured on the floor, no adjustments.
Example
Worker completes one Stow cycle 0.3500 min
That's your Observed Time 21 seconds
⚠ This number alone can't be used as a standard — it depends entirely on how fast that specific worker happened to be moving that day.
Your real-time judgment of how fast the worker was moving relative to a trained person working at a normal, sustainable pace. 100% = normal. Above 100% = faster than normal. Below 100% = slower.
Example
Worker moving briskly, experienced RF = 110%
Worker moving at normal pace RF = 100%
New hire, still learning the route RF = 85%
75%Noticeably slow — training or fatigued
90%Slightly below normal
100%Normal, trained, steady pace
110%Brisk, above average
125%Very fast — hard to sustain all shift
Observed Time adjusted for pace. It normalizes the measurement to what a 100% worker would take — removing the individual's speed from the equation.
Normal Time = Observed Time × (RF ÷ 100)
Example
Observed Time 0.3500 min
Rating Factor 110%
Normal Time = 0.3500 × 1.10 0.3850 min
Because this worker was 10% faster than normal, their Normal Time is slightly longer — representing what an average worker would actually take.
A percentage added to Normal Time to account for the fact that no worker is productive 100% of the shift. It covers three unavoidable realities.
What it covers
Personal (bathroom, water) ~5%
Fatigue (physical degradation) ~5%
Delay (conveyor jams, system lag) ~5%
Typical warehouse total 15%
A 15% allowance means your labor standard assumes a worker is productively working for 87 minutes of every 100 minutes on the floor. Adjust in Settings to match your operation.
The finished labor standard. It's the time a 100% worker should take per unit including all allowances — the number that goes into your staffing model, productivity reports, and engineered standards.
Std Time = Normal Time × (1 + Allowance%)
Full worked example — Stow
Observed Time 0.3500 min
Rating Factor 110%
Normal Time (0.35 × 1.10) 0.3850 min
Allowance Factor 15%
Std Time (0.3850 × 1.15) 0.4428 min
Units per hour at standard 135 u/hr
Expected per 8-hr shift 1,083 units
This is what you report to operations as the Stow standard. Every worker's productivity is measured against it.
The average of all Normal Times across the valid (non-flagged) cycles in your study. This is the single input to Standard Time — it smooths out cycle-to-cycle variation to give you a stable measure.
Example — 4 cycles
Cycle 1 Normal Time 0.3850 min
Cycle 2 Normal Time 0.3920 min
Cycle 3 Normal Time 0.3780 min
Cycle 4 — flagged abnormal excluded
Avg Normal Time (3 cycles) 0.3850 min
More cycles = more reliable average. Most time study methods require a minimum of 10–30 cycles for statistical validity depending on variance.
A cycle that contains a foreign element — something that wouldn't happen under normal operating conditions. Flagged cycles are excluded from all Normal Time and Standard Time calculations automatically.
When to flag a cycle
Worker dropped an item and recoveredFlag it
Conveyor jammed mid-cycleFlag it
Worker stopped to answer a questionFlag it
System scan error required re-scanFlag it
Worker moved a bit faster than usualRate it, don't flag
Cycle slightly longer than averageRate it, don't flag
Use the ✕ button on any cycle row in the live tracker to flag it. Flagged cycles are shown greyed out and marked ⚠ in your saved study.